The Nipple Aspirate Fluid Library

Atossa Genetics is dedicated to providing the latest scientific data on the research and clinical applications of Nipple Aspirate Fluid. To that end, this bibliography contains all references in the National Library of Medicine on the study of Nipple Aspirate Fluid, beginning with the now classic paper by Dr. Petrakis et al. in 1982 on the relationship of Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia and family history and other risk factors.

We intend to add features to increase the utility of the library over time. We hope you find this useful.

1: Petrakis NL, Ernster VL, King EB, Sacks ST. Epithelial dysplasia in nipple aspirates of breast fluid: association with family history and other breast cancer risk factors. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1982 Jan;68(1):9-13. PubMed PMID: 6948129.

2: Petrakis NL, King EB. Cytological abnormalities in nipple aspirates of breast fluid from women with severe constipation. Lancet. 1981 Nov 28;2(8257):1203-4. PubMed PMID: 6118633.

3: Petrakis NL, Ernster VL, Sacks ST, King EB, Schweitzer RJ, Hunt TK, King MC. Epidemiology of breast fluid secretion: association with breast cancer risk factors and cerumen type. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Aug;67(2):277-84. PubMed PMID: 6943366.

4: Petrakis NL, Gruenke LD, Craig JC. Cholesterol and cholesterol epoxides in nipple aspirates of human breast fluid. Cancer Res. 1981 Jun;41(6):2563-5. PubMed PMID: 7237447.

5: Petrakis NL, Maack CA, Lee RE, Lyon M. Mutagenic activity in nipple aspirates of human breast fluid. Cancer Res. 1980 Jan;40(1):188-9. PubMed PMID: 7349898.

6: Buehring GC. Screening for breast atypias using exfoliative cytology. Cancer. 1979 May;43(5):1788-99. PubMed PMID: 445368.

7: Hill P, Wynder EL. Nicotine and cotinine in breast fluid. Cancer Lett. 1979 Apr;6(4-5):251-4. PubMed PMID: 436120.

8: De Girolami E. Applications of plasma-thrombin cell block in diagnostic cytology, Part II: II: digestive and Respiratory tracts, breast and effusions. Pathol Annu. 1977;12 Pt 2:91-110. Review. PubMed PMID: 341062.

9: King EB, Barrett D, King MC, Petrakis NL. Cellular composition of the nipple aspirate specimen of breast fluid. I. The benign cells. Am J Clin Pathol. 1975 Dec;64(6):728-38. PubMed PMID: 1202937.

10: King EB, Barrett D, Petrakis NL. Cellular composition of the nipple aspirate specimen of breast fluid. II. Abnormal findings. Am J Clin Pathol. 1975 Dec;64(6):739-48. PubMed PMID: 173176.

11: Petrakis NL, Mason L, Lee R, Sugimoto B, Pawson S, Catchpool F. Association of race, age, menopausal status, and cerumen type with breast fluid secretion in nonlactating women, as determined by nepple aspiration. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1975 Apr;54(4):829-34. PubMed PMID: 1168727.

12: Ochsner A. Diseases of the breast. Postgrad Med. 1975 Mar;57(3):77-84. PubMed PMID: 1167967.

13: de Brux J. [Natural history and diagnosis of some mammary lesions]. Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet. 1973 Jun;68(6):365-88. Review. French. PubMed PMID: 17474647.

14: Gruenke LD, Wrensch MR, Petrakis NL, Miike R, Ernster VL, Craig JC. Breast fluid cholesterol and cholesterol epoxides: relationship to breast cancer risk factors and other characteristics. Cancer Res. 1987 Oct 15;47(20):5483-7. PubMed PMID: 3652048.

15: Petrakis NL, Wrensch MR, Ernster VL, Miike R, King EB, Goodson WH 3rd. Prognostic significance of atypical epithelial hyperplasia in nipple aspirates of breast fluid. Lancet. 1987 Aug 29;2(8557):505. PubMed PMID: 2887789.

16: Boccuzzi G, Brignardello E, Massobrio M, Bonino L. Breast duct fluid dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in fibrocystic disease. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1987 Aug;23(8):1099-102. PubMed PMID: 2958288.

17: Gruenke LD, Craig JC, Petrakis NL, Lyon MB. Analysis of cholesterol, cholesterol-5,6-epoxides and cholestane-3 beta,5 alpha,6 beta-triol in nipple aspirates of human breast fluid by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom. 1987 Jul;14(7):335-8. PubMed PMID: 2959341.

18: Rose DP, Lahti H, Laakso K, Kettunen K, Wynder EL. Serum and breast duct fluid prolactin and estrogen levels in healthy Finnish and American women and patients with fibrocystic disease. Cancer. 1986 Apr 15;57(8):1550-4. PubMed PMID: 2418944.

19: Petrakis NL. Physiologic, biochemical, and cytologic aspects of nipple aspirate fluid. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1986;8(1):7-19. Review. PubMed PMID: 3539239.

20: Wynder EL, Lahti H, Laakso K, Cheng SL, DeBevoise S, Rose DP. Nipple aspirates of breast fluid and the epidemiology of breast disease. Cancer. 1985 Sep 15;56(6):1473-8. PubMed PMID: 4027883.

21: Raju U, Bradlow HL, Levitz M. Estriol in human breast cyst fluid. J Steroid Biochem. 1984 Apr;20(4B):1061-5. PubMed PMID: 6427526.

22: King EB, Kromhout LK, Chew KL, Mayall BH, Petrakis NL, Jensen RH, Young IT. Analytic studies of foam cells from breast cancer precursors. Cytometry. 1984 Mar;5(2):124-30. PubMed PMID: 6201327.

23: King EB, Chew KL, Petrakis NL, Ernster VL. Nipple aspirate cytology for the study of breast cancer precursors. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1983 Dec;71(6):1115-21. PubMed PMID: 6581355.

24: Petrakis NL. Cerumen phenotype and epithelial dysplasia in nipple aspirates of breast fluid. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1983 Sep;62(1):115-8. PubMed PMID: 6624896.

25: Lee MM, Wrensch MR, Miike R, Petrakis NL. The association of dietary fat with ability to obtain breast fluid by nipple aspiration. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1992 May-Jun;1(4):277-80. PubMed PMID: 1303127.

26: Wrensch MR, Petrakis NL, King EB, Miike R, Mason L, Chew KL, Lee MM, Ernster VL, Hilton JF, Schweitzer R, et al. Breast cancer incidence in women with abnormal cytology in nipple aspirates of breast fluid. Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Jan 15;135(2):130-41. PubMed PMID: 1536131.

27: Rose DP. Hormones and growth factors in nipple aspirates from normal women and benign breast disease patients. Cancer Detect Prev. 1992;16(1):43-51. Review. PubMed PMID: 1551137.

28: Murrell TG. Epidemiological and biochemical support for a theory on the cause and prevention of breast cancer. Med Hypotheses. 1991 Dec;36(4):389-96. Review. PubMed PMID: 1809862.

29: Petrakis NL, King EB, Lee M, Miike R. Cerumen phenotype and proliferative epithelium in breast fluids of U.S.-born vs. immigrant Asian women: a possible genetic-environmental interaction. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1990 Oct;16(3):279-85. PubMed PMID: 2085678.

30: Wrensch MR, Petrakis NL, Gruenke LD, Ernster VL, Miike R, King EB, Hauck WW. Factors associated with obtaining nipple aspirate fluid: analysis of 1428 women and literature review. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1990 Jan;15(1):39-51. Review. PubMed PMID: 2183892.

31: Petrakis NL, Lim ML, Miike R, Lee RE, Morris M, Lee L, Mason L. Nipple aspirate fluids in adult nonlactating women—lactose content, cationic Na+, K+, Na+/K+ ratio, and coloration. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1989 Jan;13(1):71-8. PubMed PMID: 2706328.

32: Petrakis NL, Miike R, King EB, Lee L, Mason L, Chang-Lee B. Association of breast fluid coloration with age, ethnicity, and cigarette smoking. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1988 Jul;11(3):255-62. PubMed PMID: 3167231.

33: Petrakis NL, Lee RE, Miike R, Dupuy ME, Morris M. Coloration of breast fluid related to concentration of cholesterol, cholesterol epoxides, estrogen, and lipid peroxides. Am J Clin Pathol. 1988 Jan;89(1):117-20. PubMed PMID: 3337046.

34: Connolly JM, Rose DP. Epidermal growth factor-like proteins in breast fluid and human milk. Life Sci. 1988;42(18):1751-6. PubMed PMID: 3258952.

35: Pozzi V, Pala A, Ermini M, Maschio C, Ventura T, Coletti G, Vecchione A, Nusiner MP, Luciani S, Carenza L. Preneoplastic lesions and prognostic factors of breast cancer. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 1988;9(5):414-9. PubMed PMID: 3224612.

36: Rose DP, Berke B, Cohen LA, Lahti H. A comparison of serum and breast duct fluid-immunoassayable prolactin and growth hormone with bioassayable lactogenic hormones in healthy women and patients with cystic breast disease. Cancer. 1987 Dec 1;60(11):2761-5. PubMed PMID: 3119186.

37: Petrakis NL, Wrensch MR, Ernster VL, Miike R, Murai J, Simberg N, Siiteri PK. Influence of pregnancy and lactation on serum and breast fluid estrogen levels: implications for breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 1987 Nov 15;40(5):587-91. PubMed PMID: 3679587.

38: Vizoso F. [Cytologic and biochemical characteristics of breast fluid obtained through the nipple of non-lactating women]. Med Clin (Barc). 1995 Sep 23;105(9):349-56. Review. Spanish. PubMed PMID: 7500690.

39: Lee MM, Petrakis NL, Wrensch MR, King EB, Miike R, Sickles E. Association of abnormal nipple aspirate cytology and mammographic pattern and density. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1994 Jan-Feb;3(1):33-6. PubMed PMID: 8118383.

40: Petrakis NL, Lowenstein JM, Wiencke JK, Lee MM, Wrensch MR, King EB, Hilton JF, Miike R. Gross cystic disease fluid protein in nipple aspirates of breast fluid of Asian and non-Asian women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1993 Nov-Dec;2(6):573-9. Erratum in: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1994 Jun;3(4):369. PubMed PMID: 8268776.

41: Wrensch M, Petrakis NL, King EB, Lee MM, Miike R. Breast cancer risk associated with abnormal cytology in nipple aspirates of breast fluid and prior history of breast biopsy. Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Apr 15;137(8):829-33. PubMed PMID: 8484374.

42: Petrakis NL. ASPO Distinguished Achievement Award Lecture. Studies on the epidemiology and natural history of benign breast disease and breast cancer using nipple aspirate fluid. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1993 Jan-Feb;2(1):3-10. PubMed PMID: 8420608.

43: Kelsey JL. Breast cancer epidemiology: summary and future directions. Epidemiol Rev. 1993;15(1):256-63. PubMed PMID: 8405209.

44: Petrakis NL. Nipple aspirate fluid in epidemiologic studies of breast disease. Epidemiol Rev. 1993;15(1):188-95. Review. PubMed PMID: 8405203.

45: Vogel VG. Early detection, epidemiology, and prevention of breast cancer. Curr Opin Oncol. 1992 Dec;4(6):1017-26. Review. PubMed PMID: 1457516.

46: Yu H, Berkel H. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in women. J La State Med Soc. 1999 Apr;151(4):209-13. Review. PubMed PMID: 10234897.

47: Petrakis NL, Lee MM, Wrensch MR, Ernster VL, Miike R, Koo LC, Ho JC. Birthplace and yield of nipple aspirate fluid in Chinese women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998 Sep;7(9):835-9. PubMed PMID: 9752995.

48: Farkas AM, Nayar R, Chell S, Frauchiger W, de Frias DV. Positive stain for mucin in nipple discharge fluid—a mucin-producing lesion or not? Diagn Cytopathol. 1998 Sep;19(3):228. PubMed PMID: 9741001.

49: Sauter ER, Babb J, Daly M, Engstrom PF, Ehya H, Malick J, Diamandis E. Prostate-specific antigen production in the female breast: association with progesterone. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998 Apr;7(4):315-20. PubMed PMID: 9568787.

50: Foretova L, Garber JE, Sadowsky NL, Verselis SJ, Joseph DM, Andrade AF, Gudrais PG, Fairclough D, Li FP. Carcinoembryonic antigen in breast nipple aspirate fluid. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998 Mar;7(3):195-8. PubMed PMID: 9521431.

51: Gann P, Chatterton R, Vogelsong K, Dupuis J, Ellman A. Mitogenic growth factors in breast fluid obtained from healthy women: evaluation of biological and extraneous sources of variability. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997 Jun;6(6):421-8. PubMed PMID: 9184775.

52: Diamandis EP, Yu H. Nonprostatic sources of prostate-specific antigen. Urol Clin North Am. 1997 May;24(2):275-82. PubMed PMID: 9126224.

53: Sauter ER, Ross E, Daly M, Klein-Szanto A, Engstrom PF, Sorling A, Malick J, Ehya H. Nipple aspirate fluid: a promising non-invasive method to identify cellular markers of breast cancer risk. Br J Cancer. 1997;76(4):494-501. PubMed PMID: 9275027; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2228000.

54: Sauter ER, Daly M, Linahan K, Ehya H, Engstrom PF, Bonney G, Ross EA, Yu H, Diamandis E. Prostate-specific antigen levels in nipple aspirate fluid correlate with breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1996 Dec;5(12):967-70. PubMed PMID: 8959318.

55: el-Bayoumy K, Ji BY, Upadhyaya P, Chae YH, Kurtzke C, Rivenson A, Reddy BS, Amin S, Hecht SS. Lack of tumorigenicity of cholesterol epoxides and estrone-3,4-quinone in the rat mammary gland. Cancer Res. 1996 May 1;56(9):1970-3. PubMed PMID: 8616833.

56: Kelsey JL, Bernstein L. Epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer. Annu Rev Public Health. 1996;17:47-67. Review. PubMed PMID: 8724215.

57: Mitchell G, Trott PA, Morris L, Coleman N, Sauter E, Eeles RA. Cellular characteristics of nipple aspiration fluid during the menstrual cycle in healthy premenopausal women. Cytopathology. 2001 Jun;12(3):184-96. PubMed PMID: 11380560.

58: Sauter ER, Diamandis EP. Prostate-specific antigen levels in nipple aspirate fluid. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Jun 15;19(12):3160. PubMed PMID: 11408517.

59: Nantais-Smith LM, Covington CY, Nordstrom-Klee BA, Grubbs CJ, Eto I, Lawson DM, Pieper BA, Northouse LL. Differences in plasma and nipple aspirate carotenoid by lactation status. Nurs Res. 2001 May-Jun;50(3):172-7. PubMed PMID: 11393639.

60: King TA, Carter KM, Bolton JS, Fuhrman GM. A simple approach to nipple discharge. Am Surg. 2000 Oct;66(10):960-5; discussion 965-6. PubMed PMID: 11261625.

61: Yu H. Clinical implications of prostate-specific antigen in men and women. J Gend Specif Med. 2000 Mar-Apr;3(2):45-8, 53. Review. PubMed PMID: 11253246.

62: Zhao Y, Verselis SJ, Klar N, Sadowsky NL, Kaelin CM, Smith B, Foretova L, Li FP. Nipple fluid carcinoembryonic antigen and prostate-specific antigen in cancer-bearing and tumor-free breasts. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Mar 1;19(5):1462-7. PubMed PMID: 11230492.

63: Malatesta M, Mannello F, Bianchi G, Sebastiani M, Gazzanelli G. Biochemical and ultrastructural features of human milk and nipple aspirate fluids. J Clin Lab Anal. 2000;14(6):330-5. PubMed PMID: 11138618.

64: Ulutin HC, Pak Y. Prostate specific antigen in the female body: its role in breast cancer prognosis. Radiat Med. 2000 Sep-Oct;18(5):273-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 11128396.

65: Shao ZM, Liu Y, Nguyen M. The role of the breast ductal system in the diagnosis of cancer (review). Oncol Rep. 2001 Jan-Feb;8(1):153-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 11115588.

66: Gibbs AC. Nipple fluid bFGF. Lancet. 2000 Nov 11;356(9242):1684. PubMed PMID: 11089845.

67: Diamandis EP, Yousef GM, Soosaipillai AR, Grass L, Porter A, Little S, Sotiropoulou G. Immunofluorometric assay of human kallikrein 6 (zyme/protease M/neurosin) and preliminary clinical applications. Clin Biochem. 2000 Jul;33(5):369-75. PubMed PMID: 11018688.

68: Liu Y, Wang JL, Chang H, Barsky SH, Nguyen M. Breast-cancer diagnosis with nipple fluid bFGF. Lancet. 2000 Aug 12;356(9229):567. Erratum in: Lancet 2000 Nov 11;356(9242):1690. PubMed PMID: 10950239.

69: Phillips HA, Howard GC, Miller WR. Pilot studies on the p53 gene in nipple aspirate fluid from patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2000 May;61(2):139-43. PubMed PMID: 10942099.

70: Grünewald S, Imbach T, Huijben K, Rubio-Gozalbo ME, Verrips A, de Klerk JB, Stroink H, de Rijk-van Andel JF, Van Hove JL, Wendel U, Matthijs G, Hennet T, Jaeken J, Wevers RA. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ic, the first recognized endoplasmic reticulumdefect in N-glycan synthesis. Ann Neurol. 2000 Jun;47(6):776-81. PubMed PMID: 10852543.

71: Black MH, Diamandis EP. The diagnostic and prognostic utility of prostate-specific antigen for diseases of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2000 Jan;59(1):1-14. Review. PubMed PMID: 10752675.

72: Black MH, Magklara A, Obiezu C, Levesque MA, Sutherland DJ, Tindall DJ, Young CY, Sauter ER, Diamandis EP. Expression of a prostate-associated protein, human glandular kallikrein (hK2), in breast tumours and in normal breast secretions. Br J Cancer. 2000 Jan;82(2):361-7. PubMed PMID: 10646889; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2363279.

73: Harding C, Osundeko O, Tetlow L, Faragher EB, Howell A, Bundred NJ. Hormonally-regulated proteins in breast secretions are markers of target organ sensitivity. Br J Cancer. 2000 Jan;82(2):354-60. PubMed PMID: 10646888; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2363294.

74: Sauter ER, Ehya H, Babb J, Diamandis E, Daly M, Klein-Szanto A, Sigurdson E, Hoffman J, Malick J, Engstrom PF. Biological markers of risk in nipple aspirate fluid are associated with residual cancer and tumour size. Br J Cancer. 1999 Dec;81(7):1222-7. PubMed PMID: 10584885; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2374332.

75: Okazaki A, Hirata K, Okazaki M, Svane G, Azavedo E. Nipple discharge disorders: current diagnostic management and the role of fiber-ductoscopy. Eur Radiol. 1999;9(4):583-90. Review. PubMed PMID: 10354867.

76: Fabian CJ, Kimler BF. Breast cancer chemoprevention: current challenges and a look toward the future. Clin Breast Cancer. 2002 Jun;3(2):113-24. Review. PubMed PMID: 12123535.

77: Sauter ER, Chervoneva I, Diamandis A, Khosravi JM, Litwin S, Diamandis EP. Prostate-specific antigen and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in nipple aspirate fluid are associated with breast cancer. Cancer Detect Prev. 2002;26(2):149-57. PubMed PMID: 12102150.

78: Sauter ER, Zhu W, Fan XJ, Wassell RP, Chervoneva I, Du Bois GC. Proteomic analysis of nipple aspirate fluid to detect biologic markers of breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 2002 May 6;86(9):1440-3. PubMed PMID: 11986778; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2375367.

79: Krishnamurthy S, Kuerer HM. Foam cells in nipple aspiration fluid. Cytopathology. 2002 Feb;13(1):64. PubMed PMID: 11985570.

80: Klein PM, Lawrence JA. Lavage and nipple aspiration of breast ductal fluids: a source of biomarkers for environmental mutagenesis. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2002;39(2-3):127-33. Review. PubMed PMID: 11921180.

81: Sauter ER, Tichansky DS, Chervoneva I, Diamandis EP. Circulating testosterone and prostate-specific antigen in nipple aspirate fluid and tissue are associated with breast cancer. Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Mar;110(3):241-6. PubMed PMID: 11882474; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1240763.

82: Klein P, Glaser E, Grogan L, Keane M, Lipkowitz S, Soballe P, Brooks L, Jenkins J, Steinberg SM, DeMarini DM, Kirsch I. Biomarker assays in nipple aspirate fluid. Breast J. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):378-87. PubMed PMID: 11843848.

83: Paweletz CP, Trock B, Pennanen M, Tsangaris T, Magnant C, Liotta LA, Petricoin EF 3rd. Proteomic patterns of nipple aspirate fluids obtained by SELDI-TOF: potential for new biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Dis Markers. 2001;17(4):301-7. PubMed PMID: 11790897.

84: Covington C, Mitchell-Gieleghem A, Lawson D, Eto I, Grubbs C. Presence of carotenoid, an anticarcinogenic marker, in nipple aspirates postlactation. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2001;501:143-52. PubMed PMID: 11787676.

85: Sauter ER, Ehya H, Mammen A, Klein G. Nipple aspirate cytology and pathologic parameters predict residual cancer and nodal involvement after excisional breast biopsy. Br J Cancer. 2001 Dec 14;85(12):1952-7. PubMed PMID: 11747339; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2364009.

86: Wrensch MR, Petrakis NL, Miike R, King EB, Chew K, Neuhaus J, Lee MM, Rhys M. Breast cancer risk in women with abnormal cytology in nipple aspirates of breast fluid. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001 Dec 5;93(23):1791-8. PubMed PMID: 11734595.

87: Fabian CJ, Kimler BF. Breast cancer risk prediction: should nipple aspiration fluid cytology be incorporated into clinical practice? J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001 Dec 5;93(23):1762-3. PubMed PMID: 11734584.

88: Shen KW, Wu J, Lu JS, Han QX, Shen ZZ, Nguyen M, Barsky SH, Shao ZM. Fiberoptic ductoscopy for breast cancer patients with nipple discharge. Surg Endosc. 2001 Nov;15(11):1340-5. Epub 2001 May 7. PubMed PMID: 11727147.

89: Dooley WC, Ljung BM, Veronesi U, Cazzaniga M, Elledge RM, O’Shaughnessy JA, Kuerer HM, Hung DT, Khan SA, Phillips RF, Ganz PA, Euhus DM, Esserman LJ, Haffty BG, King BL, Kelley MC, Anderson MM, Schmit PJ, Clark RR, Kass FC, Anderson BO, Troyan SL, Arias RD, Quiring JN, Love SM, Page DL, King EB. Ductal lavage for detection of cellular atypia in women at high risk for breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001 Nov 7;93(21):1624-32. PubMed PMID: 11698566.

90: Shao ZM, Nguyen M. Nipple aspiration in diagnosis of breast cancer. Semin Surg Oncol. 2001 Apr-May;20(3):175-80. Review. PubMed PMID: 11523101.

91: Qin W, Zhu W, Wagner-Mann C, Sauter ER. Nipple aspirate fluid expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor predicts breast cancer diagnosis and advanced disease. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003 Oct;10(8):948-53. PubMed PMID:14527916.

92: Coombes KR, Fritsche HA Jr, Clarke C, Chen JN, Baggerly KA, Morris JS, Xiao LC, Hung MC, Kuerer HM. Quality control and peak finding for proteomics data collected from nipple aspirate fluid by surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization. Clin Chem. 2003 Oct;49(10):1615-23. PubMed PMID: 14500586.

93: Qin W, Zhu W, Wagner-Mann C, Folk W, Sauter ER. Association of uPA, PAT-1, and uPAR in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) with breast cancer. Cancer J. 2003 Jul-Aug;9(4):293-301. PubMed PMID: 12967140.

94: Zhu W, Qin W, Ehya H, Lininger J, Sauter E. Microsatellite changes in nipple aspirate fluid and breast tissue from women with breast carcinoma or its precursors. Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Aug 1;9(8):3029-33. PubMed PMID: 12912952.

95: Varnum SM, Covington CC, Woodbury RL, Petritis K, Kangas LJ, Abdullah MS, Pounds JG, Smith RD, Zangar RC. Proteomic characterization of nipple aspirate fluid: identification of potential biomarkers of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Jul;80(1):87-97. PubMed PMID: 12889602.

96: Petricoin EE, Paweletz CP, Liotta LA. Clinical applications of proteomics: proteomic pattern diagnostics. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2002 Oct;7(4):433-40. Review. PubMed PMID: 12882527.

97: Zhang L, Shao ZM, Beatty P, Sartippour M, Wang HJ, Elashoff R, Chang H, Brooks MN. The use of oxytocin in nipple fluid aspiration. Breast J. 2003 Jul-Aug;9(4):266-8. PubMed PMID: 12846857.

98: Krishnamurthy S, Sneige N, Thompson PA, Marcy SM, Singletary SE, Cristofanilli M, Hunt KK, Kuerer HM. Nipple aspirate fluid cytology in breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2003 Apr 25;99(2):97-104. PubMed PMID: 12704689.

99: Mitchell G, Sibley PE, Wilson AP, Sauter E, A’Hern R, Eeles RA. Prostate-specific antigen in nipple aspiration fluid: menstrual cycle variability and correlation with serum prostate-specific antigen. Tumour Biol. 2002 Sep-Oct;23(5):287-97. PubMed PMID: 12595745.

100: Kuerer HM, Thompson PA, Krishnamurthy S, Fritsche HA, Marcy SM, Babiera GV, Singletary SE, Cristofanilli M, Sneige N, Hunt KK. High and differential expression of HER-2/neu extracellular domain in bilateral ductal fluids from women with unilateral invasive breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Feb;9(2):601-5. PubMed PMID: 12576424.

101: Newman LA, Blake C. Ductal lavage for breast cancer risk assessment. Cancer Control. 2002 Nov-Dec;9(6):473-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 12514565.

102: Dooley WC. Routine operative breast endoscopy during lumpectomy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003 Jan-Feb;10(1):38-42. PubMed PMID: 12513958.

103: Kuerer HM, Goldknopf IL, Fritsche H, Krishnamurthy S, Sheta EA, Hunt KK. Identification of distinct protein expression patterns in bilateral matched pair breast ductal fluid specimens from women with unilateral invasive breast carcinoma. High-throughput biomarker discovery. Cancer. 2002 Dec 1;95(11):2276-82. PubMed PMID: 12436432.

104: Hollingsworth AB, Nall S, Dill D. The evolution of breast cancer risk assessment. J Okla State Med Assoc. 2002 Oct;95(10):639-44. PubMed PMID: 12420413.

105: Krishnamurthy S, Sneige N, Ordóñez NG, Hunt KK, Kuerer HM. Characterization of foam cells in nipple aspirate fluid. Diagn Cytopathol. 2002 Nov;27(5):261-4; discussion 265. PubMed PMID: 12411988.

106: Sauter ER, Welch T, Magklara A, Klein G, Diamandis EP. Ethnic variation in kallikrein expression in nipple aspirate fluid. Int J Cancer. 2002 Aug 20;100(6):678-82. PubMed PMID: 12209605.

107: Khan SA, Baird C, Staradub VL, Morrow M. Ductal lavage and ductoscopy: the opportunities and the limitations. Clin Breast Cancer. 2002 Aug;3(3):185-91; discussion 192-5. Review. PubMed PMID: 12196274.

108: Hsiung R, Zhu W, Klein G, Qin W, Rosenberg A, Park P, Rosato E, Sauter E. High basic fibroblast growth factor levels in nipple aspirate fluid are correlated with breast cancer. Cancer J. 2002 Jul-Aug;8(4):303-10. PubMed PMID: 12184408.

109: Kurebayashi J. [Biomarkers in breast cancer]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2004 Jul;31(7):1021-6. Review. Japanese. PubMed PMID: 15272579.

110: Chagpar A, Evelegh M, Fritsche HA Jr, Krishnamurthy S, Hunt KK, Kuerer HM. Prospective evaluation of a novel approach for the use of a quantitative galactose oxidase-Schiff reaction in ductal fluid samples from women with breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2004 Jun 15;100(12):2549-54. PubMed PMID: 15197795.

111: Chatterton RT Jr, Geiger AS, Khan SA, Helenowski IB, Jovanovic BD, Gann PH. Variation in estradiol, estradiol precursors, and estrogen-related products in nipple aspirate fluid from normal premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Jun;13(6):928-35. PubMed PMID: 15184248.

112: Sauter ER, Garofalo C, Hewett J, Hewett JE, Morelli C, Surmacz E. Leptin expression in breast nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) and serum is influenced by body mass index (BMI) but not by the presence of breast cancer. Horm Metab Res. 2004 May;36(5):336-40. PubMed PMID: 15156414.

113: Sauter ER, Klein G, Wagner-Mann C, Diamandis EP. Prostate-specific antigen expression in nipple aspirate fluid is associated with advanced breast cancer. Cancer Detect Prev. 2004;28(1):27-31. PubMed PMID: 15041074.

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